Citric acid, the key ingredient for renewed skin
In the world of cosmetics, certain ingredients go unnoticed despite their recognized effectiveness. The’citric acid is one of them. Derived from citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges, this mild yet powerful acid plays a crucial role in many skincare products. A pH regulator, exfoliant, and natural preservative, it performs multiple functions without ever stealing the show. However, when used correctly, it can truly transform the complexion's radiance and refine the skin's texture. Here's what you need to know about this multifaceted ingredient.
What is citric acid?
Natural origins and controlled production
Citric acid is an organic acid naturally present in several fruits, particularly citrus fruits. It was first isolated in the 18th century, but its current production is mainly based on biotechnological processes, notably through the fermentation of sugars by non-pathogenic fungi such as Black Aspergillus. This guarantees consistent purity and high availability for the cosmetics industry.
An alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)
Citric acid belongs to the AHA family (alpha hydroxy acids), such as the’glycolic acid or lactic. These compounds are prized for their exfoliating properties and their ability to stimulate cell renewal.
Main functions in cosmetics
pH regulator Thanks to its acidifying properties, citric acid helps maintain the skin's physiological pH, which is essential for preserving the skin barrier and preventing bacterial proliferation.
Exfoliating agent Citric acid works by removing dead cells from the skin's surface, promoting cell renewal. This action contributes to smoother skin and a more even complexion.
Antioxidant Citric acid has antioxidant properties, helping to neutralize free radicals responsible for premature skin aging.
Natural astringent : It helps to tighten pores, making skin visibly smoother and less prone to superficial imperfections.
What skin types is it suitable for?
Oily or blemished skin
Citric acid is particularly useful for skin prone to enlarged pores or microcysts. Its exfoliating effect helps unclog pores and reduce the appearance of blemishes.
Sensitive skin: risk of irritation
Although beneficial, citric acid can cause irritation, especially in people with sensitive, dry, or dehydrated skin. It is recommended to use it in appropriate concentrations (after testing on a small area) and to avoid applying it to damaged or irritated skin.
Precautions to be taken
Photosensitization
Like other AHAs, citric acid can make the skin more sensitive to UV rays. It is therefore recommended to apply it in the evening and use SPF 50 sunscreen the following day.
Incompatibilities
It is not recommended to combine it with other strong acids such as salicylic or glycolic acid, as this may cause skin reactions.
Frequency
Limit use to 2-3 times per week, depending on your skin's tolerance.
Common applications
- Facial care : serums, exfoliating masks, balancing lotions
- Canti-aging creams : to stimulate cell renewal and improve skin elasticity.
- Hair care products : to balance the pH of the scalp and enhance hair shine.
- Oral hygiene : mouthwashes and toothpastes
- Cleansers and exfoliants : to remove impurities and dead skin cells.
- Lightening products : to reduce pigmentation spots and even out skin tone.
