Brown spots, also known as hyperpigmentation, are a common skin problem that can affect all skin tones and types. Whether they appear on the face, hands, or other exposed areas, these spots are often considered unsightly. Fortunately, there are simple solutions and steps you can take to prevent them and reduce their appearance.

Understanding the Different Types of Brown Spots

What is hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation occurs when the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, becomes excessive in certain areas. This can result in spots of various sizes and shapes, appearing mainly on the most exposed areas such as the face, chest, or hands.

Three main types:

• The Melasma Often linked to hormonal changes, this type of hyperpigmentation frequently appears in pregnant women or when taking hormonal contraceptives. It manifests as irregular brown spots on the face.
• Lentigo These «age spots» are caused by prolonged exposure to UV rays. They usually appear on the most exposed areas such as the hands, face, and neck.
• Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) Following skin inflammation (acne, wounds, or burns), brown spots may appear, especially on darker skin.

Why Do Brown Spots Appear?

Internal causes

• Hormonal imbalances Hormonal fluctuations stimulate melanin production.
• Genetic predispositions Some people are naturally more prone to developing spots.

External causes

• Sun exposure : UV rays increase melanin production, causing sunspots.
• Pollution Fine particles increase oxidative stress, which contributes to hyperpigmentation.
• Inflammation : The acne scars or skin irritations may leave brown marks.

How to Prevent Brown Spots from Appearing?

The biggest mistake is not applying sunscreen every day.

Daily application : Apply a sun cream every morning, even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours in case of prolonged exposure. To find your perfect sunscreen, download the beautydecoded app.

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Incorporate antioxidants into your routine

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals responsible for skin aging and hyperpigmentation. Among the most effective are:

• Vitamin C : Protects against free radicals and limits melanin production.
• Ferulic acid : Enhances the effectiveness of vitamin C.
• Niacinamide Reduces inflammation and prevents melanin transfer.

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Adopt good skin hygiene

• Daily cleaning : Cleanse your skin morning and night to remove impurities and reduce inflammation.
• Avoid touching your pimples This reduces the risk of scarring and hyperpigmentation.
• Gentle exfoliation : Weekly exfoliation removes dead skin cells, preventing the accumulation of melanin on the surface.
• Hydration : Maintaining good hydration strengthens the skin barrier and prevents irritation.

What to Do About Stains That Have Already Set In?

Cosmetic treatments

• Vitamin C serums : Used daily, they lighten dark spots and even out skin tone.
• Exfoliating acids (AHAs, BHAs) : Stimulate cell renewal and reduce surface blemishes.
• Creams containing tranexamic acid or niacinamide : Particularly effective against melasma and HPI.

Dermatological procedures

• Chemical peels : remove the upper layers of the skin to reveal more even skin.
• Laser or pulsed light : Target deep stains to reduce them effectively.
• Hydroquinone prescription : In cases of stubborn hyperpigmentation, under medical supervision.