Microcysts: everything you need to know about these pimples under the skin

Microcysts, those small skin lesions, can turn into a real dermatological challenge if not managed properly. Invisible at first, they can become inflamed and painful.

What are microcysts and how to identify them? 

A microcyst, also known as a closed comedo or whitehead, is a basic acne lesion. It results from the obstruction of the hair follicle, a subcutaneous cavity where a hair is born, by a thickening of the skin's superficial layer. Excess sebum, produced by the sebaceous gland, accumulates without being able to be extracted, forming a micro-cyst.

Appearance and location 

Microcysts are frequently found on the T-zone of the face (forehead, nose, chin), but can also appear on the cheeks, back and other parts of the body, such as the neck, chest and forearms. Virtually invisible because they are subcutaneous, they appear as small, hard balls that are palpable to the touch. Sometimes they become visible in the light, especially at certain angles or when palpated.

Evolution of Microcysts 

Spontaneous regression or inflammation

Microcysts can resolve on their own, without external intervention. However, in many cases, they can evolve into inflammation, turning into red, hard and painful pimples. This evolution is due to the stagnation of sebum which promotes the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes, an anaerobic bacterium present in small quantities in the sebaceous gland. This bacterium proliferates in the absence of oxygen and produces pro-inflammatory substances, triggering an inflammatory reaction.

Risk of Scars

When microcysts become inflamed and are not properly treated, they can leave a permanent mark on the skin. scars on the skin. These scars can be difficult to treat and sometimes require specific dermatological interventions, such as laser treatments or chemical peels.

Causes of Microcysts Hormonal Variations

Microcysts are often associated with hormonal variations, notably increased production of male hormones such as testosterone. These variations can occur during adolescence, but also in adults, particularly in women during menstrual cycles or pregnancy.

Oily skin

Oily skin leads to clogged pores and the appearance of micro-cysts. Excess sebum is one of the main causes, making regular skin care essential to prevent their formation.

Exogenous factors Comedogenic care

It's important to avoid comedogenic skin care products in your skincare routine. Some products, especially oils such as coconut or palm oil, can clog pores. Prefer cosmetics based on argan or hemp oil, known for their non-comedogenic properties.

Medicines

Certain medications, such as hormonal contraceptives, antiepileptics and antidepressants, can promote the appearance of microcysts. Vitamin B12, although beneficial for metabolism, may also be responsible. It is important to discuss with a healthcare professional before changing or stopping any medication.

Sun exposure

Although the sun may seem to improve acne in the short term, it can actually worsen microcysts by thickening the skin and encouraging the formation of new lesions a few weeks later. This rebound effect is often observed after prolonged UV exposure.

young asian woman with brunette hair and blemish on face looking at mirror in bathroom, skin care

Treatments for Microcysts Skin Cleansing by a Dermatologist

A dermatologist can make a small incision in the micro-cyst to transform a closed comedo into an open one and extract the excess sebum. Although this technique is rarely used, it is essential for controlling microcystic acne. It helps prevent the development of inflamed pimples and reduces the risk of scarring.

Drug treatments

Antibiotics may be prescribed for their anti-inflammatory action. Local acne treatments based on retinoids may also be used, often in combination with moisturizing creams to reduce their irritating effect. Retinoids are effective in regulating sebum production and accelerating cell renewal, thus preventing the formation of new microcysts.

In cases of severe acne, oral treatments such as isotretinoin (Roaccutane) may be prescribed. This treatment is highly effective, but requires medical supervision due to its potential side effects.

Natural skin care

In addition to medical treatments, fruit acid creams (AHAs) or glycolic acid peels can be integrated into the skin care routine. AHAs help to exfoliate the skin gently, helping to eliminate dead cells and prevent clogged pores.

Essential oils, such as tea tree or rosemary, can also be beneficial for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, they should be used with caution to avoid skin irritation, and always under medical advice to avoid adverse reactions.

Prevention and Lifestyle Advice

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial to preventing microcysts. A balanced diet, rich in fruit, vegetables and adequate hydration, contributes to healthy skin. Avoid fatty and sugary foods, which can exacerbate acne.

Auteur/autrice

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